Three-dimensional solitons and vortices in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates 3D solitons and vortices in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing how nonlocal dipole interactions influence their formation and stability, including the emergence of robust high-order vortices.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis of 3D solitary and vortex structures considering both local and nonlocal nonlinearities in BECs, highlighting the impact of dipole-dipole interactions.

Findings

Nonlocal interactions significantly alter formation thresholds.

High-order ($m=2$) vortices are shown to be robust.

The number of atoms in structures is affected by dipolar interactions.

Abstract

Three-dimensional solitary and vortex structures in Bose-Einstein condensates are studied in the framework of Gross-Pitaevskii model including the simultaneous action of local cubic-quintic nonlinearity and nonlocal dipole-dipole interactions. Nonlocal interactions are shown to change significantly the formation threshold and the numbers of atoms confined into the coherent structures. An appearance of robust high-order ($m=2$) three-dimensional vortices is revealed.