Confirming the Detection of an Intergalactic X-ray Absorber Toward PKS 2155-304

TL;DR

This study confirms the detection of an intergalactic X-ray absorber toward PKS 2155-304 using Chandra observations, discusses non-detections in other datasets, and refines the properties of the absorber with implications for its temperature and density.

Contribution

The paper provides new, more extensive Chandra observations confirming the intergalactic X-ray absorber and compares results with other datasets to refine absorber properties.

Findings

Confirmed OVIII Ly-alpha absorption line with increased data

Non-detections in XMM-Newton and other Chandra data are consistent with upper limits

Tighter constraints on the absorber's properties and implications for intergalactic medium

Abstract

We present new observations on PKS 2155-304 with the Chandra Low Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (LETG), using the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS). We confirm the detection of an absorption line plausibly identified as OVIII Ly-alpha from the warm-hot intergalactic medium associated with a small group of galaxies along the line of sight, as originally reported by Fang et al. 2002 (here after FANG02). Combining the previous observations in FANG02 and five new, long observations on the same target, we increase the total exposure time by a factor of three, and the total counts per resolution element by a factor of five. The measured line equivalent width is smaller than that observed in FANG02, but still consistent at 90% confidence. We also analyze the XMM-Newton observations on the same target, as well as observations using the Chandra LETG and the High Resolution Camera (HRC) combination. These observations have been used to challenge our reported detection. While no line is seen in either the XMM-Newton and the Chandra LETG+HRC data, we find that our result is consistent with the upper limits from both data sets. We attribute the non-detection to (1) higher quality of the Chandra LETG+ACIS spectrum, and (2) the rather extended wings of the line spread functions of both the XMM RGS and the Chandra LETG+HRC. We discuss the implication of our observation on the temperature and density of the absorber. We also confirm the detection of z ~ 0 OVII absorption and, comparing with previous Chandra analysis, we obtain much tighter constraints on the line properties.