Fusion Phage as a Bioselective Nanomaterial : Evolution of the Concept

TL;DR

This paper presents a novel bioselective nanomaterial using landscape phage display libraries, enabling precise targeting of liposomes to specific cells for detection and drug delivery.

Contribution

It introduces a new approach combining phage display with liposome technology for targeted delivery, improving specificity and control over targeting mechanisms.

Findings

Targeted liposomes successfully bind to cancer and bacterial cells.

Phage proteins incorporated into liposomes confer specific targeting abilities.

The method allows for precise, self-assembling bioselective nanomaterials.

Abstract

Multibillion-clone landscape phage display libraries were prepared by the fusion of the phage major coat protein pVIII with foreign random peptides. Phage particles and their proteins specific for cancer and bacterial cells were selected from the landscape libraries and exploited as molecular recognition interfaces in detection, gene- and drug-delivery systems. The biorecognition interfaces were obtained by incorporation of the cell-specific phage fusion proteins into liposomes using intrinsic structural duplicity of the proteins. As a paradigm, we incorporated targeted pVIII proteins into commercially available therapeutic liposomes "Doxil", which acquired a new emergent property-ability to bind target receptors. Targeting of the drug was evidenced by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, microarray, optical and electron microscopy. In contrast to a poorly controllable conjugation targeting, the new landscape phage-based approach relies on very powerful and extremely precise mechanisms of selection, biosynthesis and self assembly, in which phages themselves serve as a source of the final product.