Can black holes be torn up by phantom dark energy in cyclic cosmology?

TL;DR

This paper investigates whether phantom dark energy in cyclic cosmology can tear up black holes, finding that black holes may instead decrease then increase in mass, challenging previous assumptions.

Contribution

It introduces a new perspective on black hole behavior in cyclic cosmology, showing that black holes might not be torn up by phantom dark energy as previously thought.

Findings

Black holes may not be torn up by phantom dark energy.

Black hole masses can first decrease then increase during cyclic expansion.

The study challenges previous assumptions about black hole destruction in cyclic models.

Abstract

Infinitely cyclic cosmology is often frustrated by the black hole problem. It has been speculated that this obstacle in cyclic cosmology can be removed by taking into account a peculiar cyclic model derived from loop quantum cosmology or the braneworld scenario, in which phantom dark energy plays a crucial role. In this peculiar cyclic model, the mechanism of solving the black hole problem is through tearing up black holes by phantom. However, using the theory of fluid accretion onto black holes, we show in this paper that there exists another possibility: that black holes cannot be torn up by phantom in this cyclic model. We discussed this possibility and showed that the masses of black holes might first decrease and then increase, through phantom accretion onto black holes in the expanding stage of the cyclic universe.