Cold Nuclear Matter In Holographic QCD

TL;DR

This paper uses holographic QCD to model nuclear matter, revealing a phase transition at high chemical potential with inhomogeneous instanton condensates, and predicts properties like binding energy in large N_c QCD.

Contribution

It introduces a holographic model of nuclear matter at finite chemical potential, showing phase transition and inhomogeneity, and connects to phenomena like the chiral density wave instability.

Findings

Phase transition to nuclear matter with instanton condensate

Inhomogeneous instanton distribution at high density

Semi-quantitative prediction of nuclear binding energy

Abstract

We study the Sakai-Sugimoto model of holographic QCD at zero temperature and finite chemical potential. We find that as the baryon chemical potential is increased above a critical value, there is a phase transition to a nuclear matter phase characterized by a condensate of instantons on the probe D-branes in the string theory dual. As a result of electrostatic interactions between the instantons, this condensate expands towards the UV when the chemical potential is increased, giving a holographic version of the expansion of the Fermi surface. We argue based on properties of instantons that the nuclear matter phase is necessarily inhomogeneous to arbitrarily high density. This suggests an explanation of the "chiral density wave" instability of the quark Fermi surface in large N_c QCD at asymptotically large chemical potential. We study properties of the nuclear matter phase as a function of chemical potential beyond the transition and argue in particular that the model can be used to make a semi-quantitative prediction of the binding energy per nucleon for nuclear matter in ordinary QCD.