Relations between random coding exponents and the statistical physics of random codes

TL;DR

This paper explores the connection between the phases of finite-temperature decoding in random codes and their error exponents, revealing how statistical physics concepts relate to coding performance.

Contribution

It establishes a novel link between random coding exponents and the phases of a statistical physics model, providing new expressions and insights into decoding behavior.

Findings

Correct decoding probability exponent relates to glassy phase free energy.

Error exponent below capacity relates to paramagnetic phase free energy.

Phase diagram comparison for universal and channel-aware decoders.

Abstract

The partition function pertaining to finite--temperature decoding of a (typical) randomly chosen code is known to have three types of behavior, corresponding to three phases in the plane of rate vs. temperature: the {\it ferromagnetic phase}, corresponding to correct decoding, the {\it paramagnetic phase}, of complete disorder, which is dominated by exponentially many incorrect codewords, and the {\it glassy phase} (or the condensed phase), where the system is frozen at minimum energy and dominated by subexponentially many incorrect codewords. We show that the statistical physics associated with the two latter phases are intimately related to random coding exponents. In particular, the exponent associated with the probability of correct decoding at rates above capacity is directly related to the free energy in the glassy phase, and the exponent associated with probability of error (the error exponent) at rates below capacity, is strongly related to the free energy in the paramagnetic phase. In fact, we derive alternative expressions of these exponents in terms of the corresponding free energies, and make an attempt to obtain some insights from these expressions. Finally, as a side result, we also compare the phase diagram associated with a simple finite-temperature universal decoder for discrete memoryless channels, to that of the finite--temperature decoder that is aware of the channel statistics.