Entanglement, BEC, and superfluid-like behavior of two-mode photon systems

TL;DR

This paper explores how two interacting photon modes with Kerr nonlinearity can exhibit Bose-Einstein condensation, entanglement, and superfluid-like behavior, depending on system parameters and symmetry-breaking fields.

Contribution

It introduces a model showing BEC, entanglement, and superfluid-like phenomena in two-mode photon systems with Kerr nonlinearity, highlighting the role of symmetry-breaking fields.

Findings

BEC occurs when transfer amplitude exceeds mode frequency

Ground state becomes a squeezed, entangled state with small SBF

Entanglement growth is independent of SBF amplitude in short time

Abstract

A system of two interacting photon modes, without constraints on the photon number, in the presence of a Kerr nonlinearity, exhibits BEC if the transfer amplitude is greater than the mode frequency. A symmetry-breaking field (SBF) can be introduced by taking into account a classical electron current. The ground state, in the limit of small nonlinearity, becomes a squeezed state, and thus the modes become entangled. The smaller is the SBF, the greater is entanglement. Superfluid-like behavior is observed in the study of entanglement growth from an initial coherent state, since in the short-time range the growth does not depend on the SBF amplitude, and on the initial state amplitude. On the other hand, the latter is the only parameter which determines entanglement in the absence of the SBF.