Non-standard neutrino interactions in reactor and superbeam experiments

TL;DR

This paper investigates how non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) affect reactor and superbeam experiments, revealing potential biases in parameter estimation and demonstrating how combined data can detect NSI effects.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of NSI impacts on neutrino experiments, including formulas, classifications, and numerical simulations showing possible misinterpretations of neutrino parameters.

Findings

NSI can cause significant deviations in oscillation measurements.

Reactor and superbeam experiments are highly complementary in detecting NSI.

Data inconsistencies can reveal the presence of non-standard interactions.

Abstract

The formalism of non-standard four-fermion interactions provides a convenient, model-independent way of parameterizing a wide class of ``new physics'' scenarios. In this article, we study the performance of reactor and superbeam neutrino experiments in the presence of such non-standard interactions (NSI). Due to interference between the standard and non-standard amplitudes, sizeable effects are to be expected if the NSI parameters are close to their current upper limits. We derive approximate formulas for the relevant oscillation probabilities including NSI, and show how the leading effects can be understood intuitively even without any calculations. We will present a classification of all possible NSI according to their impact on reactor and superbeam experiments, and it will turn out that these experiments are highly complementary in terms of their sensitivity to the non-standard parameters. The second part of the paper is devoted to detailed numerical simulations, which will demonstrate how a standard oscillation fit of the mixing angle theta-13 may fail if experimental data is affected by NSI. We find that for some non-standard terms, reactor and superbeam experiments would yield seemingly conflicting results, while in other cases, they may agree well with each other, but the resulting value for theta-13 could be far from the true value. This offset may be so large that the true theta-13 is even ruled out erroneously. In the last section of the paper, we demonstrate that reactor and superbeam data can actually establish the presence of non-standard interactions. Throughout our discussion, we pay special attention to the impact of the complex phases, and of the near detectors.