Coulomb effects on the formation of proton halo nuclei

TL;DR

This study investigates how Coulomb interactions influence proton halo formation in mirror nuclei, revealing that Coulomb effects diminish with increasing mass number and are primarily driven by energy level shifts in lighter nuclei.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of Coulomb effects on proton halo structures using RMF and SPM, highlighting the dominant role of energy level shifts over Coulomb barriers in light nuclei.

Findings

Coulomb effects decrease with increasing mass number A.

Energy level shifts are more influential than Coulomb barriers in light nuclei.

Coulomb effects become negligible for nuclei with A > 34.

Abstract

The exotic structures in the 2s_{1/2} states of five pairs of mirror nuclei ^{17}O-^{17}F, ^{26}Na-^{26}P, ^{27}Mg-^{27}P, ^{28}Al-^{28}P and ^{29}Si-^{29}P are investigated with the relativistic mean-field (RMF) theory and the single-particle model (SPM) to explore the role of the Coulomb effects on the proton halo formation. The present RMF calculations show that the exotic structure of the valence proton is more obvious than that of the valence neutron of its mirror nucleus, the difference of exotic size between each mirror nuclei becomes smaller with the increase of mass number A of the mirror nuclei and the ratios of the valence proton and valence neutron root-mean-square (RMS) radius to the matter radius in each pair of mirror nuclei all decrease linearly with the increase of A. In order to interpret these results, we analyze two opposite effects of Coulomb interaction on the exotic structure formation with SPM and find that the contribution of the energy level shift is more important than that of the Coulomb barrier for light nuclei. However, the hindrance of the Coulomb barrier becomes more obvious with the increase of A. When A is larger than 34, Coulomb effects on the exotic structure formation will almost become zero because its two effects counteract with each other.