Basic physics of solid materials

TL;DR

This paper discusses fundamental physics principles in solid materials, categorizes them, and explores their properties and potential for superconductivity, with a focus on cuprates, other superconductors, and ways to induce superconductivity.

Contribution

It introduces a framework of basic physics principles in solids, categorizes materials, and compares different superconductors to understand their properties and mechanisms.

Findings

Categorization of solid materials into four types.

Qualitative explanations of properties across categories.

Suggestions for turning solids into superconductors.

Abstract

Since the cuprate materials behave many curious properties, the mechanism that causes high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxide materials (cuprates) has been a controversial topic. To explain these curious properties, we must look out the physics what these materials include. In this letter, it is presented that there are the basic physics (1)-(9) in solid materials. I divide all solid materials into four categories, explain some properties of them qualitatively, and suggest some ways to turn a solid material into a superconductor. Particularly, this letter discusses the differences between the p-type high-Tc cuprate superconductors, the n-type superconductor Nd2-xCexCuO4, the BCS-superconductor similar MgB2, and heavy Fermions superconductors.