Improved Landau gauge fixing and the suppression of finite-volume effects of the lattice gluon propagator

TL;DR

This paper improves Landau gauge fixing in lattice SU(2) gauge theory by addressing Gribov copies and finite-volume effects, leading to more accurate gluon propagator measurements at low momenta.

Contribution

It introduces enhanced gauge fixing methods using simulated annealing and Z(2) transformations to reduce finite-volume effects in lattice calculations.

Findings

Finite-volume effects are reduced in the infrared regime.

The gluon propagator becomes flat at the smallest momenta.

Initial signs of a decrease towards zero momentum are observed.

Abstract

For the gluon propagator of pure SU(2) lattice gauge theory in the Landau gauge we investigate the effect of Gribov copies and finite-volume effects. Concerning gauge fixing, we enlarge the accessible gauge orbits by adding non-periodic Z(2) gauge transformations and systematically employ the simulated annealing algorithm. Strategies to keep all Z(2) sectors under control within reasonable CPU time are discussed. We demonstrate that the finite-volume effects in the infrared regime become ameliorated. Reaching a physical volume of about (6.5 fm)^4, we find that the propagator, calculated with the indicated improvements, becomes flat in the region of smallest momenta. First signs in 4d of a final decrease towards vanishing momentum are discussed.