A Study of the Vertical Motion of Supernova Remnant Bubbles in the Interstellar Medium Drawn from the Results of Three-Dimensional MHD Simulations

TL;DR

This study uses 3D MHD simulations to investigate how supernova remnants evolve and move vertically in the interstellar medium, considering different magnetic field orientations and strengths, revealing the magnetic field's significant influence on remnant dynamics.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the impact of magnetic field orientation and strength on the vertical motion of supernova remnants in the galaxy.

Findings

Magnetic fields aligned with the galactic plane prevent remnant rise.

Remnants with perpendicular magnetic fields show increased vertical motion.

Hot gas velocities are surprisingly small, with drag coefficient estimated at ten.

Abstract

In order to determine the circumstances under which isolated SNRs are capable of rising into and enriching the thick disk and galactic halo, simulations of supernova remnants are performed with the FLASH magnetohydrodynamic code. We performed simulations in which the interstellar magnetic field is parallel to or perpendicular to the galactic plane as well as a simulation without a magnetic field. The ambient gas density distribution and gravitational potential are based on observations of our galaxy. We evolve the remnants to ages of roughly 10,000,000 years. For our simulation without a magnetic field, we compare the evolution of the hot bubble's velocity with the velocity evolution calculated from the buoyant and drag accelerations. We found surprisingly small vertical velocities of the hot gas, from which we estimated the drag coefficient to be ten for the non-magnetic simulation. Although we found little buoyant motion of the hot gas during the remnant's lifetime, we found rapid vertical motion of the associated cool dense gas near the end of the remnants life. This motion deformed the remnant into a mushroom cloud structure similar to those found in previous simulations. The simulation in which we have a 4 micro-Gauss magnetic field parallel to the galactic mid-plane shows a dramatically elongated bubble parallel to the magnetic field. The magnetic field pins the supernova remnant preventing it from rising. In the simulation with the 4 micro-Gauss magnetic field perpendicular to the midplane the hot bubble rises more, indicating that having the magnetic field in the same direction as the gravitational force enhances the rise of the bubble.