Coronal abundances of X-ray bright pre-main sequence stars in the Taurus Molecular Cloud

TL;DR

This study analyzes the X-ray spectra of bright pre-main sequence stars in the Taurus Molecular Cloud to compare their coronal properties and chemical abundances, finding similar compositions across different star types and no clear link to activity or accretion.

Contribution

It provides the first extensive analysis of coronal abundances in a sample of Taurus stars using medium-resolution spectra, revealing uniformity in plasma composition regardless of star type or activity level.

Findings

Coronal plasma has similar thermal properties in classical and weak-lined T Tauri stars.

Iron abundance is significantly below solar levels (~0.2 solar).

Stars of earlier spectral types have slightly higher Fe abundances and hotter coronae.

Abstract

We studied the thermal properties and chemical composition of the X-ray emitting plasma of a sample of bright members of the Taurus Molecular Cloud to investigate possible differences among classical and weak-lined T Tauri stars and possible dependences of the abundances on the stellar activity level and/or on the presence of accretion/circumstellar material. We used medium-resolution X-ray spectra obtained with the sensitive EPIC/PN camera in order to analyse the possible sample. The PN spectra of 20 bright (L_X ~ 10^30 - 10^31 erg/s) Taurus members, with at least ~ 4500 counts, were fitted using thermal models of optically thin plasma with two components and variable abundances of O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe. Extensive preliminary investigations were employed to study the performances of the PN detectors regarding abundance determinations, and finally to check the results of the fittings. We found that the observed X-ray emission of the studied stars can be attributed to coronal plasma having similar thermal properties and chemical composition both in the classical and in the weak-lined T Tauri stars. The results of the fittings did not show evidence for correlations of the abundance patterns with activity or accretion/disk presence. The iron abundance of these active stars is significantly lower than (~ 0.2 of) the solar photospheric value. An indication of slightly different coronal properties in stars with different spectral type is found from this study. G-type and early K-type stars have, on average, slightly higher Fe abundances (Fe ~ 0.24 solar) with respect to stars with later spectral type (Fe ~ 0.15 solar), confirming previous findings from high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy; stars of the former group are also found to have, on average, hotter coronae.