Nonadiabatic charged spherical gravitational collapse

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive set of equations and conditions for modeling charged, dissipative, shear gravitational collapse in spherical symmetry, incorporating viscosity, charge effects, and causal thermodynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a complete framework for analyzing charged, dissipative gravitational collapse with shear, including new coupling of dynamical and transport equations under Israel-Stewart theory.

Findings

Decreases in inertial mass density due to thermodynamic state are confirmed.

Electric charge influences the relation between Weyl tensor and energy density inhomogeneity.

Viscosity effects are integrated into the dynamical equations.

Abstract

We present a complete set of the equations and matching conditions required for the description of physically meaningful charged, dissipative, spherically symmetric gravitational collapse with shear. Dissipation is described with both free-streaming and diffusion approximations. The effects of viscosity are also taken into account. The roles of different terms in the dynamical equation are analyzed in detail. The dynamical equation is coupled to a causal transport equation in the context of Israel-Stewart theory. The decrease of the inertial mass density of the fluid, by a factor which depends on its internal thermodynamic state, is reobtained, with the viscosity terms included. In accordance with the equivalence principle, the same decrease factor is obtained for the gravitational force term. The effect of the electric charge on the relation between the Weyl tensor and the inhomogeneity of energy density is discussed.