Freeze-out volume of hot dense fireball

TL;DR

This paper introduces a thermodynamically consistent excluded volume model to analyze particle multiplicities and freeze-out volumes across a wide energy range in heavy-ion collisions, comparing model results with experimental HBT data.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel excluded volume model that consistently describes particle multiplicities and freeze-out volumes from low to high energies, aligning with HBT measurements.

Findings

Model successfully reproduces particle multiplicities across energies.

Freeze-out volumes and densities are consistent with HBT data.

Variation of freeze-out parameters with energy is characterized.

Abstract

A thermodynamically consistent excluded volume model is proposed to account for the particle multiplicities obtained from lowest SIS energies to the highest RHIC energies. The chemical freeze-out volumes lying in a slice of one unit of rapidity for pions and kaons are separately inferred from this analysis and the results are compared with the corresponding thermal freeze-out volumes obtained from the Hanbury-Brown Twiss (HBT) pion interferometry. Furthermore, we extract the variations of freeze-out number densities for pions and nucleons with the center-of-mass energy in our model and compare them with the HBT data.