Stellar population synthesis of post-AGB stars: the s-process in MACHO47.2496.8

TL;DR

This study uses stellar population synthesis and nucleosynthesis modeling to analyze the s-process element enrichment in a low-metallicity post-AGB star in the Large Magellanic Cloud, providing insights into AGB star mechanisms.

Contribution

It presents the first detailed comparison of theoretical AGB models with the observed abundances of an extragalactic post-AGB star, constraining key physical parameters.

Findings

Models match observed s-process ratios with reduced 13C neutron source effectiveness.

Lower metallicity requires less effective 13C neutron source, consistent with Galactic halo star observations.

Extra-mixing processes are needed to explain the 12C/13C ratio in MACHO47.2496.8.

Abstract

The low-metallicity RV Tauri star MACHO47.2496.8, recently discovered in the Large Magellanic Cloud, is highly enriched in carbon and heavy elements produced by the slow neutron capture process (s-process), and is most probably a genuine post-C(N-type) asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star. We use the analysis of the abundances of MACHO47.2496.8 to constrain free parameters in AGB models. We test which values of the free parameters describing uncertain physical mechanisms in AGB stars, namely the third dredge-up and the features of the 13C neutron source, produce models that better match the abundances observed in MACHO47.2496.8. We carry out stellar population synthesis coupled with s-process nucleosynthesis using a synthetic stellar evolution code. The s-process ratios observed in MACHO47.2496.8 can be matched by the same models that explain the s-process ratios of Galactic AGB and post-AGB stars of metallicity > Z_sun/10, except for the choice of the effectiveness of 13C as a neutron source, which has to be lower by roughly a factor of 3 to 6. The less effective neutron source for lower metallicities is also required when comparing population synthesis results to observations of Galactic halo $s$-enhanced stars, such as Pb stars. The 12C/13C ratio in MACHO47.2496.8 cannot be matched simultaneously and requires the occurrence of extra-mixing processes. The confirmed trend of the decreased efficiency of the 13C neutron source with metallicity requires an explanation from AGB s-process models. The present work is to date the first comparison between theoretical models and the detailed abundances of an extragalactic post-AGB star.