On the ultra high energy cosmic rays and the origin of the cosmic microwave background radiation

TL;DR

This paper explores the possibility that the cosmic microwave background (CMB) has a local origin within 3-4 Mpc, challenging the standard cosmological assumption and linking it to local galaxy structures and cosmic ray observations.

Contribution

It proposes a local origin for the CMB linked to nearby galaxy clusters, offering an alternative explanation for cosmic ray spectra and challenging the Big Bang cosmology assumptions.

Findings

Absence of gravitational lensing in WMAP data supports local CMB origin.

Ultra high energy cosmic rays are isotropic, suggesting extragalactic sources beyond 50 Mpc.

The local CMB concentration could explain the GZK cutoff absence in cosmic ray spectrum.

Abstract

Some inconsistencies to the assumption of a cosmological origin of the cosmic microwave background CMB, such as the absence of gravitational lensing in the WMAP data, open the doors to some speculations such as a local origin to the CMB. We argue here that this assumption agrees with the absence of the GZK cutoff (at least according to AGASA data) in the energy spectrum of the cosmic ray due to the cosmic interaction with the CMB at $6\times 10^{19} eV$ or above. Within 50 Mpc from Earth, the matter and light distributions are close to an anisotropic distribution, where the local cluster and local super-clusters of galaxies can be identified. In contrast, the ultra high energy comic rays data is consistent to an almost isotropic distribution, and there is no correlation between their arrival direction and astronomical sources within our local cluster. This means that the events above the GZK cutoff come from distances above 50 Mpc, without an apparent energy loss. This scenario is plausible under the assumption of the CMB concentrated only within 3-4 Mpc from Earth. In other words, the CMB has a local origin linked only to the local super-cluster of galaxies. In addition, the galactic and extragalactic energy spectra index within the energy equipartition theorem strongly constrains the dark matter and dark energy hypothesis, essential in the Big Bang cosmology.