Decoupling limits of N=4 super Yang-Mills on R x S^3

TL;DR

This paper introduces new decoupling limits of N=4 super Yang-Mills theory on R x S^3, simplifying the theory while preserving key features, enabling controlled strong coupling analysis and revealing integrable spin chain structures.

Contribution

It generalizes previous decoupling limits to include SO(4) chemical potentials, providing a framework for analyzing simplified, integrable, and thermodynamically tractable sectors of N=4 SYM and pure Yang-Mills.

Findings

Decoupled theories are integrable spin chains.

Hagedorn temperature analyzed for various couplings.

New microcanonical ensemble formulation of limits.

Abstract

We find new decoupling limits of N=4 super Yang-Mills (SYM) on R x S^3 with gauge group SU(N). These decoupling limits lead to decoupled theories that are much simpler than the full N=4 SYM but still contain many of its interesting features. The decoupling limits correspond to being in a near-critical region, near a point with zero temperature and critical chemical potentials. The new decoupling limits are found by generalizing the limits of hep-th/0605234 to include not only the chemical potentials for the SU(4) R-symmetry of N=4 SYM but also the chemical potentials corresponding to the SO(4) symmetry. In the decoupled theories it is possible to take a strong coupling limit in a controllable manner since the full effective Hamiltonian is known. For planar N=4 SYM on R x S^3 all the decoupled theories correspond to fully integrable spin chains. We study the thermodynamics of the decoupled theories and find the Hagedorn temperature for small and large values of the effective coupling. We find an alternative formulation of the decoupling limits in the microcanonical ensemble. This leads to a characterization of certain regimes of weakly coupled N=4 SYM in which there are string-like states. Finally, we find a similar decoupling limit for pure Yang-Mills theory, which for the planar limit leads to a fully integrable decoupled theory.