Magnetic properties of G-band bright points in a sunspot moat

TL;DR

This study investigates the magnetic, thermal, and kinematic properties of G-band bright points in a sunspot moat using spectropolarimetric and filtergram observations, revealing their magnetic association, field strength distribution, and thermal characteristics.

Contribution

It provides a detailed characterization of G-band bright points, highlighting their magnetic properties, size distribution, and thermal differences, and discusses their consistency with classical flux tube models.

Findings

94% of BPs are associated with magnetic fields

Field strengths range between 500 and 1400 G

BPs are hotter by about 1000 K inside than surroundings

Abstract

We present simultaneous spectropolarimetric observations of four visible and three infrared spectral lines from the VTT (Tenerife), together with speckle-reconstructed filtergrams in the G band and the CaII H line core from the DOT (La Palma). After alignment of the data sets, we used the G-band intensity to locate bright points (BPs) in the moat of a regular sunspot. With the cospatial and cotemporal information provided by the polarimetric data, we characterize the magnetic, kinematic, and thermal properties of the BPs. We find that (a) 94 % of the BPs are associated with magnetic fields; (b) their field strengths range between 500 and 1400 G, with a rather flat distribution; (c) the contrast of BPs in the G band depends on the angle between the vector magnetic field and the line of sight; (d) the BPs harbor downflows of magnetized plasma and exhibit Stokes V profiles with large area and amplitude asymmetries; (e) the magnetic interior of BPs is hotter than the immediate field-free surroundings by about 1000 K at equal optical depth; and (f) the mean effective diameter of BPs in our data set is 150 km, with very few BPs larger than 300 km. Most of these properties can be explained by the classical magnetic flux tube model. However, the wide range of BP parameters found in this study indicates that not all G-band BPs are identical to stable long-lived flux tubes or sheets of kG strength.