V-type asteroids in the middle Main Belt

TL;DR

This study investigates the origin of V-type asteroids in the middle Main Belt, analyzing whether they could have migrated from the Vesta family through orbital drift and resonance crossing, using spectroscopic data and numerical simulations.

Contribution

It presents new spectroscopic observations of middle belt V-type asteroids and models their orbital evolution, estimating the likelihood of their origin from the Vesta family via resonance crossing.

Findings

(21238) 1995WV7 likely did not originate from Vesta due to its size.

Smaller bodies like (40521) 1999RL95 could have migrated from Vesta if the family formed over 3.5 Gy ago.

Approximately 10% or more of V-type bodies with D>1 km may originate from Vesta.

Abstract

The recent discovery of the first V-type asteroid in the middle belt, (21238) 1995WV7, located at ~2.54 AU, raises the question of whether it came from (4) Vesta or not. In this paper, we present spectroscopic observations indicating the existence of another V-type asteroid at ~2.53 AU, (40521) 1999RL95, and we investigate the possibility that these two asteroids evolved from the Vesta family to their present orbits by drifting in semi-major axis due to the Yarkovsky effect. The main problem with this scenario is that the asteroids need to cross the 3/1 mean motion resonance with Jupiter, which is highly unstable. Combining numerical simulations of the orbital evolution, that include the Yarkovsky effect, with Monte Carlo models, we compute the probability of an asteroid of given diameter D to evolve from the Vesta family and to cross over the 3/1 resonance, reaching a stable orbit in the middle belt. Our results indicate that an asteroid like (21238) 1995WV7 has a low probability of having evolved through this mechanism due to its large size (~5 km). However, the mechanism might explain the orbit of smaller bodies like (40521) 1999RL95 (~3 km), provided that we assume that the Vesta family formed > 3.5 Gy ago. We estimate that about 10% or more of the V-type bodies with D>1 km may come from the Vesta family by crossing over the 3/1 resonance. The remaining 90% must have a different origin.