Quasi-Local Linear Momentum in Black-Hole Binaries

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new quasi-local formula for black-hole linear momentum, tested on binary systems to accurately measure orbital momentum and recoil velocities, aligning with theoretical expectations.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel quasi-local formula for black-hole linear momentum and demonstrates its effectiveness through tests on binary black-hole configurations.

Findings

Accurately measures orbital linear momentum in binary systems.

Consistently predicts recoil velocities in head-on collisions.

Aligns with horizon trajectories and radiated momentum expectations.

Abstract

We propose a quasi-local formula for the linear momentum of black-hole horizons inspired by the formalism of quasi-local horizons. We test this formula using two complementary configurations: (i) by calculating the large orbital linear momentum of the two black holes in an unequal-mass, zero-spin, quasi-circular binary and (ii) by calculating the very small recoil momentum imparted to the remnant of the head-on collision of an equal-mass, anti-aligned-spin binary. We obtain results consistent with the horizon trajectory in the orbiting case, and consistent with the net radiated linear momentum for the much smaller head-on recoil velocity.