Nonperturbative equation of state of quark-gluon plasma. Applications

TL;DR

This paper develops a nonperturbative approach to the quark-gluon plasma's equation of state using vacuum factors linked to Polyakov lines, showing good agreement with lattice data and insights into QGP dynamics near the critical temperature.

Contribution

It introduces a nonperturbative framework based on vacuum factors derived from field correlators to describe QGP thermodynamics, aligning with lattice results.

Findings

The nonperturbative factors $L_i$ effectively describe QGP dynamics near $T_c$.

The derived equations of state agree reasonably with lattice data.

Casimir scaling of Polyakov lines is confirmed in the Gaussian approximation.

Abstract

The vacuum-driven nonperturbative factors $L_i$ for quark and gluon Green's functions are shown to define the nonperturbative dynamics of QGP in the leading approximation. EoS obtained recently in the framework of this approach is compared in detail with known lattice data for $\mu=0$ including $P/T^4$, $\epsilon/T^4$, $\frac{\epsilon-3P}{T^4}$. The basic role in the dynamics at $T\la 3T_c$ is played by the factors $L_i$ which are approximately equal to the modulus of Polyakov line for quark $L_{fund}$ and gluon $L_{adj}$. The properties of $L_i$ are derived from field correlators and compared to lattice data, in particular the Casimir scaling property $L_{adj} =(L_{fund})^{\frac{C_2(adj)}{C_2(fund)}}$ follows in the Gaussian approximation valid for small vacuum correlation lengths. Resulting curves for $P/T^4$, $\epsilon/T^4$, $\frac{\epsilon-3P}{T^4}$ are in a reasonable agreement with lattice data, the remaining difference points out to an effective attraction among QGP constituents.