Numerical study of the influence of an applied electrical potential on the solidification of a binary metal alloy

TL;DR

This study numerically investigates how an applied electrical potential influences the solidification process of a binary metal alloy, revealing effects on Joule heating, current density distribution, and convection patterns.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the mesoscale electromagnetic effects during alloy solidification, including current inhomogeneity and induced convection.

Findings

Pulse electric discharging increases Joule heating in the liquid phase.

Electrical current density is non-uniform due to dendrite shape and phase conductivities.

Electromagnetic forces induce convection in the interdendritic liquid.

Abstract

In this work we study numerically the influence of a homogeneous electrical field on the fluid and heat transfer phenomena at macroscale and mesoscale during unidirectional solidification of a binary metal alloy. The numerical results showed that a pulse electric discharging applied perpendicularly to the solidification front leads to a much stronger Joule heating of the liquid phase in comparison to the solid phase. It was found that on the mesoscopic scale the electric current density is not homogeneous due to the complex shape of the dendrite and the difference between electrical conductivities of the solid and liquid phases. This inhomogeneity of the electrical current density in the mushy zone leads to the increase of the Joule heating of the dendrite in comparison to the interdendritic liquid and induces a pinch force (electromagnetic Lorentz force). The main features of the resulting convection in the interdendritic liquid are discussed.