Disappearance of Squeezed Back-to-Back Correlations - a new signal of hadron freeze-out from a supercooled Quark Gluon Plasma

TL;DR

This paper discusses how the disappearance of back-to-back correlations of particle-antiparticle pairs can serve as a signal of hadron freeze-out from a supercooled quark-gluon plasma, indicating changes in hadron formation mechanisms.

Contribution

It introduces the concept that the disappearance of squeezed back-to-back correlations can signal hadronization from a supercooled quark-gluon plasma and distinguishes different transition signatures.

Findings

Back-to-back correlations are linked to in-medium mass modifications.

Disappearance of correlations indicates a change in hadronization mechanism.

Correlations serve as signatures of the quark-gluon plasma phase transition.

Abstract

We briefly discuss four different possible types of transitions from quark to hadronic matter and their characteristic signatures in terms of correlations. We also highlight the effects arising from mass modification of hadrons in hot and dense hadronic matter, as well as their quantum statistical consequences: the appearance of squeezed quantum states and the associated experimental signatures, i.e., the back-to-back correlations of particle - anti-particle pairs. We briefly review the theoretical results of these squeezed quanta, generated by in-medium modified masses, starting from the first indication of the existence of surprising particle - anti-particle correlations, and ending by considering the effects of chiral dynamics on these correlation patterns. A prerequisite for such a signature is the experimental verification that these theoretically predicted back-to-back correlation of particle anti-particle pairs are, in fact, observable in high energy heavy ion reactions. Therefore, the experimental observation of back-to-back correlations in high energy heavy ion reactions would be a unique signature, proving the existence of in-medium mass modification of hadronic states. On the other hand, their disappearance at some threshold centrality or collision energy would indicate that the hadron formation mechanism would have qualitatively changed: asymptotic hadrons above such a threshold are not formed from medium modified hadrons anymore, but rather by new degrees of freedom characterizing the medium. Furthermore, the disappearance of the squeezed BBC could also serve as a signature of a sudden, non-equilibrium hadronization scenario from a supercooled quark-gluon plasma phase.