The Incidence of Highly-Obscured Star-Forming Regions in SINGS Galaxies

TL;DR

This study uses Spitzer data to analyze the obscuration of star-forming regions in nearby galaxies, finding that most are not heavily obscured and that high obscuration is mainly in galaxy centers.

Contribution

Introduces a new empirical method to measure attenuation in infrared-selected star-forming regions and quantifies the fraction of highly-obscured regions in normal galaxies.

Findings

Median attenuation is 1.4 magnitudes in H-alpha.

Only about 4% of regions are highly obscured (A_H-alpha > 3).

Most galaxies show decreasing attenuation with radius.

Abstract

Using the new capabilities of the Spitzer Space Telescope and extensive multiwavelength data from the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey (SINGS), it is now possible to study the infrared properties of star formation in nearby galaxies down to scales equivalent to large HII regions. We are therefore able to determine what fraction of large, infrared-selected star-forming regions in normal galaxies are highly obscured and address how much of the star formation we miss by relying solely on the optical portion of the spectrum. Employing a new empirical method for deriving attenuations of infrared-selected star-forming regions we investigate the statistics of obscured star formation on 500pc scales in a sample of 38 nearby galaxies. We find that the median attenuation is 1.4 magnitudes in H-alpha and that there is no evidence for a substantial sub-population of uniformly highly-obscured star-forming regions. The regions in the highly-obscured tail of the attenuation distribution (A_H-alpha > 3) make up only ~4% of the sample of nearly 1800 regions, though very embedded infrared sources on the much smaller scales and lower luminosities of compact and ultracompact HII regions are almost certainly present in greater numbers. The highly-obscured cases in our sample are generally the bright, central regions of galaxies with high overall attenuation but are not otherwise remarkable. We also find that a majority of the galaxies show decreasing radial trends in H-alpha attenuation. The small fraction of highly-obscured regions seen in this sample of normal, star-forming galaxies suggests that on 500pc scales the timescale for significant dispersal or break up of nearby, optically-thick dust clouds is short relative to the lifetime of a typical star-forming region.