Thermodynamics of Few-Particle Systems

TL;DR

This paper explores the thermodynamic properties of few-particle systems governed by Hamiltonian dynamics, focusing on systems with non-holonomic constraints related to non-potential forces and phase volume changes.

Contribution

It introduces a class of few-particle systems with thermodynamic-like laws characterized by non-holonomic constraints linked to non-potential forces.

Findings

Characterization of systems with phase volume change proportional to non-potential force power

Examples include constant temperature, canonical-dissipative, and Fermi-Bose classical systems

Framework unifies various few-particle systems under thermodynamic principles

Abstract

We consider the wide class of few-particle systems that have some analog of the thermodynamic laws. These systems are characterized by the distributions that are determined by the Hamiltonian and satisfy the Liouville equation. Few-particle systems of this class are described by a non-holonomic constraint: the power of non-potential forces is directly proportional to the velocity of the elementary phase volume change. The coefficient of this proportionality is determined by the Hamiltonian. In the general case, the examples of the few-particle systems of this class are the constant temperature systems, canonical-dissipative systems, and Fermi-Bose classical systems.