Polarized States and Domain Walls in Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates the stability and variety of polarized states and domain walls in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates, combining analytical and numerical methods to identify stable and unstable configurations.

Contribution

It introduces new polarized state patterns and analyzes their stability, highlighting the always stable nature of domain walls in spinor BECs.

Findings

Domain walls are always stable.

Various polarized states exhibit weak oscillatory instabilities.

Numerical simulations confirm the development of instabilities.

Abstract

We study spin-polarized states and their stability in anti-ferromagnetic states of spinor (F=1) quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates. Using analytical approximations and numerical methods, we find various types of polarized states, including: patterns of the Thomas-Fermi type; structures with a pulse-shape in one component inducing a hole in the other components; states with holes in all three components; and domain walls. A Bogoliubov-de Gennes analysis reveals that families of these states contain intervals of a weak oscillatory instability, except for the domain walls, which are always stable. The development of the instabilities is examined by means of direct numerical simulations.