A Spectroscopic Study of Mass Outflows in the Interacting Binary RY Scuti

TL;DR

This study investigates the mass outflows in the binary system RY Scuti through spectroscopic analysis, revealing complex mass transfer processes, the nature of the components, and the structure of the circumbinary environment.

Contribution

It provides detailed spectroscopic characterization of RY Scuti, including the binary orbit, component spectra, and mass loss mechanisms, with new insights into the system's mass transfer and outflow structures.

Findings

Determined the binary orbit and component masses.

Confirmed the spectral types of the components.

Identified bipolar outflows and circumbinary disk formation.

Abstract

The massive interacting binary RY Scuti is an important representative of an active mass-transferring system that is changing before our eyes and which may be an example of the formation of a Wolf-Rayet star through tidal stripping. Utilizing new and previously published spectra, we present examples of how a number of illustrative absorption and emission features vary during the binary orbit. We identify spectral features associated with each component, calculate a new, double-lined spectroscopic binary orbit, and find masses of 7.1 +/- 1.2 M_sun for the bright supergiant and 30.0 +/- 2.1 M_sun for the hidden massive companion. Through tomographic reconstruction of the component spectra from the composite spectra, we confirm the O9.7 Ibpe spectral class of the bright supergiant and discover a B0.5 I spectrum associated with the hidden massive companion; however, we suggest that the latter is actually the spectrum of the photosphere of the accretion torus immediately surrounding the massive companion. We describe the complex nature of the mass loss flows from the system in the context of recent hydrodynamical models for beta Lyr, leading us to conclude RY Scuti has matter leaving the system in two ways: 1) a bipolar outflow from winds generated by the hidden massive companion, and 2) mass from the bright O9.7 Ibpe supergiant flowing from the region near the L2 point to fill out a large, dense circumbinary disk. This circumbinary disk (radius ~ 1 AU) may feed the surrounding double-toroidal nebula (radius ~ 2000 AU).