Stochastic Lorentz forces on a point charge moving near the conducting plate

TL;DR

This paper derives a stochastic Langevin equation for a charged particle near a conducting plate, revealing anisotropic velocity fluctuations due to electromagnetic vacuum effects and analyzing their saturation behavior.

Contribution

It provides a field-theoretic derivation of the nonlinear Langevin equation incorporating boundary effects and anisotropic velocity fluctuations for a nonrelativistic charge.

Findings

Velocity fluctuations grow linearly with time initially

Fluctuations are anisotropic depending on direction

Fluctuations saturate due to fluctuation-dissipation relation

Abstract

The influence of quantized electromagnetic fields on a nonrelativistic charged particle moving near a conducting plate is studied. We give a field-theoretic derivation of the nonlinear, non-Markovian Langevin equation of the particle by the method of Feynman-Vernon influence functional. This stochastic approach incorporates not only the stochastic noise manifested from electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations, but also dissipation backreaction on a charge in the form of the retarded Lorentz forces. Since the imposition of the boundary is expected to anisotropically modify the effects of the fields on the evolution of the particle, we consider the motion of a charge undergoing small-amplitude oscillations in the direction either parallel or normal to the plane boundary. Under the dipole approximation for nonrelativistic motion, velocity fluctuations of the charge are found to grow linearly with time in the early stage of the evolution at the rather different rate, revealing strong anisotropic behavior. They are then asymptotically saturated as a result of the fluctuation-dissipation relation, and the same saturated value is found for the motion in both directions. The observational consequences are discussed. plane boundary. Velocity fluctuations of the charge are found to grow linearly with time in the early stage of the evolution at the rate given by the relaxation constant, which turns out to be smaller in the parallel case than in the perpendicular one in a similar configuration. Then, they are asymptotically saturated as a result of the fluctuation-dissipation relation. For the electron, the same saturated value is obtained for motion in both directions, and is mainly determined by its oscillatory motion. Possible observational consequences are discussed.