Comments on testing the violation of the Clausius inequality in nanoscale electric circuits

TL;DR

This paper argues that the laws of thermodynamics, including the Clausius inequality, hold true even at the nanoscale, countering claims of violations in small electric circuits.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical clarification that classical and quantum thermodynamics remain valid at the nanoscale, disputing previous claims of violations.

Findings

Thermodynamics laws are valid at the nanoscale.

No violations of Clausius inequality occur in nanoscale circuits.

Classical and quantum thermodynamics are universally applicable.

Abstract

The correct laws of thermodynamics, either classical or quantum without probabilities of statistical quantum mechanics are valid for all systems, large or small, including systems of one spin or one particle only. So no violations can occur in nanoscale electric circuits.