Bose-Einstein Condensation in the Relativistic Ideal Bose Gas

TL;DR

This paper provides an exact calculation of the Bose-Einstein condensation critical temperature in a relativistic ideal Bose gas, considering antibosons and demonstrating the impact on the system's stability.

Contribution

It offers a comprehensive analysis of BEC critical temperature in relativistic gases, including antibosons, across all densities, masses, and temperatures, highlighting the importance of antibosons.

Findings

Antibosons lower the Helmholtz free energy at BEC transition.

Omission of antibosons results in metastable states.

Critical temperature is exactly calculated for all parameters.

Abstract

The Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) critical temperature in a relativistic ideal Bose gas of identical bosons, with and without the antibosons expected to be pair-produced abundantly at sufficiently hot temperatures, is exactly calculated for all boson number-densities, all boson point rest masses, and all temperatures. The Helmholtz free energy at the critical BEC temperature is found to be lower, thus implying that the omission of antibosons always leads to the computation of a metastable state.