Quantized vortices in $^{\bf 4}$He droplets: a quantum Monte Carlo study

TL;DR

This study uses quantum Monte Carlo methods to analyze vortex lines in helium-4 droplets, revealing how vortex energy and core properties evolve with droplet size at zero temperature.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed quantum Monte Carlo analysis of vortex lines in helium-4 droplets, focusing on energy and core structure evolution with droplet size.

Findings

Vortex energy increases monotonically with droplet size.

Core radius is approximately 1 Å at the center and grows near the surface.

Core energy per volume stabilizes at 2.8 Kσ^{-3} for large droplets.

Abstract

We present a diffusion Monte Carlo study of a vortex line excitation attached to the center of a $^4$He droplet at zero temperature. The vortex energy is estimated for droplets of increasing number of atoms, from N=70 up to 300 showing a monotonous increase with $N$. The evolution of the core radius and its associated energy, the core energy, is also studied as a function of $N$. The core radius is $\sim 1$ \AA in the center and increases when approaching the droplet surface; the core energy per unit volume stabilizes at a value 2.8 K$\sigma^{-3}$ ($\sigma=2.556$ \AA) for $N \ge 200$.