Elementary Excitations of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in an Effective Magnetic Field
D. R. Murray (1), P. \"Ohberg (2), Dami\'a Gomila (3), Stephen M., Barnett (1) ((1) SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK (2) SUPA,, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK (3) IFISC, CSIC-UIB, Campus Universitat, Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain)

TL;DR
This paper investigates the low-energy excitations of a Bose-Einstein Condensate subjected to an effective magnetic field generated by light beams, exploring the effects of magnetic fields and vector potentials on stability and spectra.
Contribution
It introduces a detailed analysis of elementary excitations in BECs under effective magnetic fields created by light, including stability and spectral properties with general vector potentials.
Findings
Identification of excitation spectra under various magnetic field configurations
Analysis of instabilities in the condensate due to effective magnetic fields
Insights into how light-induced fields influence BEC dynamics
Abstract
We calculate the low energy elementary excitations of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in an effective magnetic field. The field is created by the interplay between light beams carrying orbital angular momentum and the trapped atoms. We examine the role of the homogeneous magnetic field, familiar from studies of rotating condensates, and also investigate spectra for vector potentials with a more general radial dependence. We discuss the instabilities which arise and how these may be manifested.
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