Primordial Perturbations During a Slow Expansion

TL;DR

This paper explores a slow expansion model driven by multiple NEC-violating scalar fields, showing it can produce a nearly scale-invariant primordial perturbation spectrum similar to slow roll inflation.

Contribution

It demonstrates that a slow expansion with  \u2264 -1 driven by multiple NEC-violating fields can generate a scale-invariant curvature perturbation, offering an alternative to inflation.

Findings

Spectrum is naturally scale invariant with a slight red tilt.

The model's perturbation spectrum closely resembles that of slow roll inflation.

The inherited mode of Bardeen potential can produce observable structure formation.

Abstract

Recently, it has been showed that a slow expansion, which is asymptotically a static state in infinite past and may be described as an evolution with \epsilon \ll -1, of early universe may lead to the generation of primordial perturbation responsible for the structure formation of observable universe. However, its feasibility depends on whether the growing mode of Bardeen potential before phase transition can be inherited by the constant mode of curvature perturbation after phase transition. In this note, we phenomenally regard this slow expansion as that driven by multi NEC violating scalar fields. We calculate the curvature perturbation induced by the entropy perturbation before phase transition, and find that the spectrum is naturally scale invariant with a slight red tilt. The result has an interesting similarity to that of slow roll inflation.