Correlated bosons on a lattice: Dynamical mean-field theory for Bose-Einstein condensed and normal phases

TL;DR

This paper introduces a bosonic dynamical mean-field theory (B-DMFT) that accurately models correlated lattice bosons across different phases, including Bose-Einstein condensates, providing a unified framework that extends previous mean-field approaches.

Contribution

The paper develops a comprehensive B-DMFT framework applicable for all coupling strengths and temperatures, treating normal and condensed bosons equally and generalizing existing mean-field theories.

Findings

Local correlations increase condensate density.

B-DMFT reproduces known limits like Beliaev-Popov and Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov.

The theory predicts an increase in BEC transition temperature T_{BEC}.

Abstract

We formulate a bosonic dynamical mean-field theory (B-DMFT) which provides a comprehensive, thermodynamically consistent framework for the theoretical investigation of correlated lattice bosons. The B-DMFT is applicable for arbitrary values of the coupling parameters and temperature and becomes exact in the limit of high spatial dimensions d or coordination number Z of the lattice. In contrast to its fermionic counterpart the construction of the B-DMFT requires different scalings of the hopping amplitudes with Z depending on whether the bosons are in their normal state or in the Bose-Einstein condensate. A detailed discussion of how this conceptual problem can be overcome by performing the scaling in the action rather than in the Hamiltonian itself is presented. The B-DMFT treats normal and condensed bosons on equal footing and thus includes the effects caused by their dynamic coupling. It reproduces all previously investigated limits in parameter space such as the Beliaev-Popov and Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approximations and generalizes the existing mean-field theories of interacting bosons. The self-consistency equations of the B-DMFT are those of a bosonic single-impurity coupled to two reservoirs corresponding to bosons in the condensate and in the normal state, respectively. We employ the B-DMFT to solve a model of itinerant and localized, interacting bosons analytically. The local correlations are found to enhance the condensate density and the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) transition temperature T_{BEC}. This effect may be used experimentally to increase T_{BEC} of bosonic atoms in optical lattices.