Physical Aspects of Cancer Invasion

TL;DR

This paper explores the physical mechanisms underlying cancer invasion, proposing a model that treats tumors as granular solids to better understand their invasive behavior in tissue.

Contribution

It introduces a novel analogy between physical processes like elastic insertion and water drop impact with tumor invasion, unifying solid and viscous tumor properties.

Findings

Tumors can be modeled as granular solids.

The analogy helps explain invasive branching.

Model applicable to in vitro and in vivo scenarios.

Abstract

Invasiveness, one of the hallmarks of tumor progression, represents the tumor's ability to expand into the host tissue by means of several complex biochemical and biomechanical processes. Since certain aspects of the problem present a striking resemblance with well known physical mechanisms, such as the mechanical insertion of a solid inclusion in an elastic material specimen [1, 2] or a water drop impinging on a surface [3], we propose here an analogy between these physical processes and a cancer system's invasive branching into the surrounding tissue. Accounting for its solid and viscous properties, we present a unifying concept that the tumor behaves as a granular solid. While our model has been explicitly formulated for multicellular tumor spheroids in vitro, it should also contribute to a better understanding of tumor invasion in vivo.