Suggestions on photons and fermions

TL;DR

This paper proposes specific configurations for photons and fermions based on their spins, leading to new insights into fundamental forces, particle masses, and the non-existence of gravitons and gluons.

Contribution

It introduces a novel model linking photon and fermion configurations to fundamental forces and particle properties, challenging existing concepts like gravitons and gluons.

Findings

Electrostatic force arises from centrifugal spin forces propagated by photons.

Proton and neutron masses are slightly less than 1851 times electron mass.

No existence of gravitons or gluons; photons are the messenger particles.

Abstract

In this paper we suggest a configuration of photons consistent with a spin $\hbar$, and a configuration of the fermions coherent with a spin $\hbar/2$. These suggested configurations open the way to further analyses which lead to the following conclusions: - There cannot exist elementary particles of spin $\hbar/2$ with a mass inferior to $1m_e$ or with a radius greater than $1l_e$. - The electrostatic force derives from the centrifugal forces inherent to the spin and are propagated by photons. - The derivation of the electrostatic force explains the existence of positive and negative charges and Coulomb's law. - The enormous differences between the centrifugal forces and the centripetal forces at the surface of the protons give rise to quantic fluctuations of space which generate the energy flows necessary for equilibrium. These energy flows can explain gravitation and the strong force. - The mass of the proton, $m_p$, and the mass of the neutron, $m_n$, must each have a concrete value required for the cohesion of the atomic nuclei. The suggested hypoteses show that the relation $m_n/m_p$ must be very slightly greater than 1.00, and that, by a first approximation, both $m_n$ and $m_p$ must be slightly less than 1851 $m_e$. - There are no "gravitons" and no "gluons"; the "messenger particles" are always the very real photons.