Effect of negative energy components for two-nucleon systems in the relativistic framework with the separable ansatz

TL;DR

This paper explores how including negative energy components in a relativistic model improves the calculation of electromagnetic properties of the deuteron, surpassing traditional non-relativistic approaches.

Contribution

It introduces a relativistic Bethe-Salpeter framework with negative energy components for two-nucleon systems using a rank IV separable ansatz, enhancing property predictions.

Findings

Negative energy components improve electromagnetic form factor calculations.

Relativistic approach surpasses non-relativistic impulse approximation.

Inclusion of P-wave negative energy states yields better agreement with experimental data.

Abstract

We investigate the electromagnetic properties of the deuteron such as the charge and magnetic form factors by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) with the separable ansatz. In solving the deuteron bound state solution to the BSE, we include negative energy components of $P$-wave in addition to the $^3S_1$ and $^3D_1$ states of positive energy, employing a rank IV separable ansatz. We found that the inclusion of the negative energy components improves systematically the electromagnetic properties which are not described in the conventional non-relativistic impulse approximation.