Tilt-angle landscapes and temperature dependence of the conductance in biphenyl-dithiol single-molecule junctions

TL;DR

This study uses density-functional transport calculations to analyze how tilt angle and temperature affect conductance in biphenyl-dithiol single-molecule junctions, confirming a cos^2(phi) dependence and exploring temperature effects.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of conductance dependence on tilt angle and temperature in biphenyl-dithiol molecules, highlighting the negligible influence of side groups beyond controlling tilt.

Findings

Conductance follows a cos^2(phi) law with tilt angle.

Tilting reduces conductance by about two orders of magnitude.

Temperature fluctuations can be mitigated through molecular design.

Abstract

Using a density-functional-based transport method we study the conduction properties of several biphenyl-derived dithiol (BPDDT) molecules wired to gold electrodes. The BPDDT molecules differ in their side groups, which control the degree of conjugation of the pi-electron system. We have analyzed the dependence of the low-bias zero-temperature conductance on the tilt angle phi between the two phenyl ring units, and find that it follows closely a cos^2(phi) law, as expected from an effective pi-orbital coupling model. We show that the tilting of the phenyl rings results in a decrease of the zero-temperature conductance by roughly two orders of magnitude, when going from a planar conformation to a configuration in which the rings are perpendicular. In addition we demonstrate that the side groups, apart from determining phi, have no influence on the conductance. All this is in agreement with the recent experiment by Venkataraman et al. [Nature 442, 904 (2006)]. Finally, we study the temperature dependence of both the conductance and its fluctuations and find qualitative differences between the examined molecules. In this analysis we consider two contributions to the temperature behavior, one coming from the Fermi functions and the other one from a thermal average over different contact configurations. We illustrate that the fluctuations of the conductance due to temperature-induced changes in the geometric structure of the molecule can be reduced by an appropriate design.