General $SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R \times U(1)_{EM}$ Sigma Model With External Sources, Dynamical Breaking And Spontaneous Vacuum Symmetry Breaking

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive $SU(2)_L imes SU(2)_R imes U(1)_{EM}$ sigma model incorporating external sources, dynamical and spontaneous symmetry breaking, revealing how external fields influence particle masses and condensates in nuclear matter.

Contribution

It introduces a general formulation of the sigma model with external sources and derives relations between currents, masses, and condensates under various symmetry breaking scenarios.

Findings

Electromagnetic interactions of neutral $\sigma$ and $\pi^0$ due to internal structure.

Derived relations between nuclear matter currents with and without external gauge sources.

Mass spectra depend on external sources and condensate values, affecting nucleon, $\sigma$, and $\pi$ particles.

Abstract

We give a general $SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R$ $\times U(1)_{EM}$ sigma model with external sources, dynamical breaking and spontaneous vacuum symmetry breaking, and present the general formulation of the model. It is found that $\sigma $ and $\pi ^0$ without electric charges have electromagnetic interaction effects coming from their internal structure. A general Lorentz transformation relative to external sources $J_{gauge}$ $=(J_{A_\mu},J_{A_\mu ^\kappa})$ is derived, using the general Lorentz transformation and the four-dimensional current of nuclear matter of the ground state with $J_{gauge}$ = 0, we give the four-dimensional general relations between the different currents of nuclear matter systems with $J_{gauge}\neq 0$ and those with $J_{gauge}=0$. The relation of the density's coupling with external magnetic field is derived, which conforms well to dense nuclear matter in a strong magnetic field. We show different condensed effects in strong interaction about fermions and antifermions, and give the concrete scalar and pseudoscalar condensed expressions of $\sigma_0$ and $\pi_0$ bosons. About different dynamical breaking and spontaneous vacuum symmetry breaking, the concrete expressions of different mass spectra are obtained in field theory. This paper acquires the running spontaneous vacuum breaking value $\sigma_0^{\prime},$ and obtains the spontaneous vacuum breaking in terms of the running $\sigma_0^{\prime}$, which make nucleon, $\sigma $ and $\pi $ particles gain effective masses. We achieve both the effect of external sources and nonvanishing value of the condensed scalar and pseudoscalar paticles. It is deduced that the masses of nucleons, $\sigma $ and $\pi $ generally depend on different external sources.