The dust temperatures of the prestellar cores in the rho Oph main cloud and in other star forming regions: consequences for the core mass function

TL;DR

This study estimates dust temperatures of prestellar cores in rho Oph and other regions, revealing lower temperatures than previously assumed, leading to revised core mass estimates and implications for the core mass function.

Contribution

It provides new dust temperature estimates considering 3D geometry and external heating, significantly revising core mass calculations and the core mass function in star-forming regions.

Findings

Prestellar cores in rho Oph are colder (~10-11K) than previously assumed.

Revised core masses are 2-3 times larger, affecting the core mass function.

The core mass function slope steepens at around 1 solar mass, with no turnover down to 0.2 solar masses.

Abstract

We estimate the dust temperatures of the clumps in the rho Oph main cloud taking into account the 3D geometry of the region, and external heating from the interstellar radiation field and from HD147879,a nearby luminous B2V star, which is believed to dominate the radiation field in the region. We find that the regions where prestellar cores are observed (i.e. at optical visual extinctions >7 mag) are colder than ~10-11K. These dust temperatures are smaller than those which previous studies of the same region have assumed. We use the new dust temperatures to estimate the masses of the prestellar cores in the rho Oph main cloud from mm observations, and we find core masses that are larger than previous estimates by a factor of ~2-3. This affects the core mass function (CMF) of the region; we find that the mass at which the core mass spectrum steepens from a slope alpha~1.5 to a slope alpha~2.5 has moved from ~0.5 Msun to ~1Msun. In contrast with the CMF in other star forming regions (e.g. Orion), there is no indication for a turnover down to the completeness limit (~0.2Msun), but the CMF may flatten at around ~0.4Msun. We generalize our results to the prestellar cores in Taurus and in Orion. In Taurus the ambient radiation field heating the prestellar cores is believed to be weaker than than that in rho Oph. Hence, the dust temperatures of the cores in Taurus are expected to be below ~ 10-11 K.In Orion the radiation field is believed to be 10^3 times stronger than the standard interstellar radiation field. Based on this assumption we estimate that the dust temperatures of the prestellar cores in Orion are around ~20-30K.