The interplay between radio galaxies and cluster environment

TL;DR

This study investigates how central radio sources influence the thermal properties and X-ray luminosity-temperature relation in galaxy clusters, revealing a mass-dependent impact and a link between radio morphology and cluster heating.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the relationship between radio galaxy morphology, cluster mass, and the X-ray properties of galaxy clusters, highlighting the role of extended radio structures in cluster heating.

Findings

High fraction of clusters host central radio sources below 10^(20) W/Hz/sr.

Steepening of the L_X-T relation is linked to extended radio jets and lobes.

Overheating caused by radio structures affects low-mass cluster properties.

Abstract

By combining the REFLEX and NORAS cluster datasets with the NVSS radio catalogue, we obtain a sample of 145, z<0.3, X-ray selected clusters brighter than 3 10^(-12) erg/s/cm^2 that show a central radio emission above 3 mJy. For virial masses M_vir<~10^(14.5) M_sun, 11 clusters out of 12 (corresponding to 92% of the systems) are inhabited by a central radio source. This fraction decreases with higher masses as M_vir^(-0.4) and suggests that the majority of X-ray selected clusters host in their centre a radio source brighter than about 10^(20) W/Hz/sr. A division of the sample into clusters harbouring either point-like or an extended radio-loud AGN reveals that the steepening of the L_X-T relation for low-temperature clusters is strongly associated with the presence of central radio objects with extended jets and/or lobe structures. In the latter case, L_X\propto T^(4) while for point-like sources one recovers an approximately self-similar relation L_X\propto T^(2.3). Monte Carlo simulations show that the steepening of the L_X-T relation is not caused by clusters being under-luminous in the X-ray band, but rather by overheating, most likely caused by the interplay between the extended radio structures and the intracluster medium. In the case of low-mass systems, we also find a tight correlation between radio luminosity and cluster temperature. The effects of the central radio source on the thermal state of a cluster become less important with increasing cluster mass. (Abridged) The luminosity distribution of the cluster radio population differs from that of all radio sources, as there is a deficit of low-luminosity (L_R<~10^(22) W/Hz/sr) objects, while the number of high-luminosity ones is boosted. The net effect on the radio luminosity function is of a flattening at all luminosities L_R<~ 10^(24) W/Hz/sr.