# Carbon Nanostructures as an Electromechanical Bicontinuum

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a comprehensive two-field model that unifies various physical phenomena in graphene and carbon nanotubes, including elasticity, lattice dynamics, and electromechanical effects, providing a broad theoretical framework.

## Contribution

It presents a novel two-field model that unifies multiple aspects of carbon nanostructures, extending previous analytical and computational results into a single cohesive framework.

## Key findings

- Describes optical phonons and nontrivial acoustic branches.
- Explains strain-induced gap opening and phonon softening.
- Accounts for doping-induced deformations and the hexagonal Brillouin zone.

## Abstract

A two-field model provides an unifying framework for elasticity, lattice dynamics and electromechanical coupling in graphene and carbon nanotubes, describes optical phonons, nontrivial acoustic branches, strain-induced gap opening, gap-induced phonon softening, doping-induced deformations, and even the hexagonal graphenic Brillouin zone, and thus explains and extends a previously disparate accumulation of analytical and computational results.