Cool Stars in Hot Places

TL;DR

This paper reviews how the environment, especially in rich clusters with hot stars, influences the formation of cool stars and planetary systems, highlighting recent progress and ongoing debates.

Contribution

It synthesizes current understanding and questions about the impact of hot star environments on cool star and planet formation, emphasizing recent discussions from a dedicated session.

Findings

Hot star environments significantly influence cool star formation.

Supernovae and stellar winds impact planet formation processes.

The Sun's formation environment remains a key question.

Abstract

During the last three decades, evidence has mounted that star and planet formation is not an isolated process, but is influenced by current and previous generations of stars. Although cool stars form in a range of environments, from isolated globules to rich embedded clusters, the influences of other stars on cool star and planet formation may be most significant in embedded clusters, where hundreds to thousands of cool stars form in close proximity to OB stars. At the cool stars 14 meeting, a splinter session was convened to discuss the role of environment in the formation of cool stars and planetary systems; with an emphasis on the ``hot'' environment found in rich clusters. We review here the basic results, ideas and questions presented at the session. We have organized this contribution into five basic questions: what is the typical environment of cool star formation, what role do hot star play in cool star formation, what role does environment play in planet formation, what is the role of hot star winds and supernovae, and what was the formation environment of the Sun? The intention is to review progress made in addressing each question, and to underscore areas of agreement and contention.