# Chromospheric Flares

## TL;DR

This review discusses the evolving understanding of chromospheric flares, emphasizing the chromosphere's role in flare energy emission and the challenges in understanding energy transfer during flares.

## Contribution

It revises the outdated concept of chromospheric flares, highlighting the chromosphere's observational importance and the physical problems in flare radiation formation.

## Key findings

- Chromosphere emits most of the flare's radiant energy.
- Chromosphere provides tracers to the coronal energy source.
- Understanding energy propagation from corona to chromosphere remains incomplete.

## Abstract

In this topical review I revisit the "chromospheric flare." This should currently be an outdated concept, because modern data seem to rule out the possiblity of a major flare happening independently in the chromosphere alone, but the chromosphere still plays a major observational role in many ways. It is the source of the bulk of a flare's radiant energy - in particular the visible/UV continuum radiation. It also provides tracers that guide us to the coronal source of the energy, even though we do not yet understand the propagation of the energy from its storage in the corona to its release in the chromosphere. The formation of chromospheric radiations during a flare presents several difficult and interesting physical problems.