# The Na I D resonance lines in main sequence late-type stars

## TL;DR

This study analyzes the sodium D lines in late-type dwarf stars to develop a chromospheric activity indicator, providing a method to calibrate stellar fluxes and relate spectral features to stellar activity levels.

## Contribution

It introduces a spectral index R_D' based on sodium D lines, corrected for photospheric effects, as a new chromospheric activity indicator for late-type stars.

## Key findings

- The R_D' index correlates with stellar activity levels.
- A calibration method for stellar fluxes using sodium D lines is proposed.
- The index can be applied to stars with unknown colours.

## Abstract

We study the sodium D lines (D1: 5895.92 \AA; D2: 5889.95 \AA) in late-type dwarf stars. The stars have spectral types between F6 and M5.5 (B-V between 0.457 and 1.807) and metallicity between [Fe/H] = -0.82 and 0.6. We obtained medium resolution echelle spectra using the 2.15-m telescope at the argentinian observatory CASLEO. The observations have been performed periodically since 1999. The spectra were calibrated in wavelength and in flux. A definition of the pseudo-continuum level is found for all our observations. We also define a continuum level for calibration purposes. The equivalent width of the D lines is computed in detail for all our spectra and related to the colour index (B-V) of the stars. When possible, we perform a careful comparison with previous studies. Finally, we construct a spectral index (R_D') as the ratio between the flux in the D lines, and the bolometric flux. We find that, once corrected for the photospheric contribution, this index can be used as a chromospheric activity indicator in stars with a high level of activity. Additionally, we find that combining some of our results, we obtain a method to calibrate in flux stars of unknown colour.