# Finite bias visibility of the electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a statistical method to measure interference visibility in an electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer affected by low frequency fluctuations, revealing intrinsic phase averaging effects that depend on bias and current dilution.

## Contribution

The authors develop and validate a novel statistical approach to quantify visibility in fluctuating conditions, highlighting intrinsic phase averaging in electronic interferometers.

## Key findings

- Visibility exhibits a single side lobe structure due to Gaussian phase averaging.
- Variance of phase fluctuations is quadratic with bias.
- Dilution of current reduces phase fluctuation variance.

## Abstract

We present an original statistical method to measure the visibility of interferences in an electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the presence of low frequency fluctuations. The visibility presents a single side lobe structure shown to result from a gaussian phase averaging whose variance is quadratic with the bias. To reinforce our approach and validate our statistical method, the same experiment is also realized with a stable sample. It exhibits the same visibility behavior as the fluctuating one, indicating the intrinsic character of finite bias phase averaging. In both samples, the dilution of the impinging current reduces the variance of the gaussian distribution.