# The effectiveness of quantum operations for eavesdropping on sealed messages

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a quantum protocol for sending sealed messages that can detect eavesdroppers, analyzes eavesdropping strategies using quantum operations, and compares its effectiveness to other quantum communication protocols.

## Contribution

It presents a novel quantum protocol for sealed messages with eavesdropper detection and evaluates the information-disturbance tradeoff for quantum operation-based eavesdropping strategies.

## Key findings

- The protocol can detect active eavesdroppers effectively.
- Quantum operations used by eavesdroppers have a quantifiable information-disturbance tradeoff.
- Comparison shows the protocol's advantages over existing quantum communication methods.

## Abstract

A quantum protocol is described which enables a user to send sealed messages and that allows for the detection of active eavesdroppers. We examine a class of eavesdropping strategies, those that make use of quantum operations, and we determine the information gain versus disturbance caused by these strategies. We demonstrate this tradeoff with an example and we compare this protocol to quantum key distribution, quantum direct communication, and quantum seal protocols.