# Three-dimensional effects in "atom diodes": atom-optical devices for one-way motion

## TL;DR

This paper investigates three-dimensional effects in atom diodes, showing that blue detuned lasers can achieve angle-independent one-way atomic motion in laser-based devices.

## Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis of 3D effects in atom diodes and identifies conditions for angle-independent diode behavior using blue detuned lasers.

## Key findings

- Correct diodic behavior is achievable with blue detuned lasers.
- Breakdown limiting angles and velocities are characterized.
- Angle-independent one-way motion is demonstrated.

## Abstract

The ``atom diode'' is a laser device that lets the ground state atom pass in one direction but not in the opposite direction. We examine three-dimensional effects of that device for arbitrary atomic incidence angles on flat laser sheets and set breakdown limiting angles and velocities. It is found that a correct diodic behavior independent of the incident angle can be obtained with blue detuned lasers.